Can trail spatial attributes predict trail use level in urban forest park? An examination integrating GPS data and space syntax theory

Understanding users’ spatial distribution in forest park is crucial for providing visitors with quality recreation experiences and for park planning and management. Utilizing users’ spatial distribution data, this study aims at investigating associations between trail use level and trail spatial attributes, through examining two large urban forest parks (Gongqing forest park and Paotaiwan forest park) in Shanghai, China. Users’ spatial distribution was measured utilizing GPS trackers with the interval of 10 seconds. This study conceptualizes trail spatial attributes as trail metric attributes and trail configurational attributes. Trail metric attributes include trail mean distance to gates, length, width and level of enclosure, which are calculated based on park map and on-site observation. We computed trail configurational attributes utilizing space syntax theory, which comprise measures of global integration, control, and connectivity. Trail connection with features/facilities, visual connection with water and shading are included as covariate variables. In total, we obtained 134 valid samples in Gongqing forest park and 210 valid samples in Paotaiwan forest park for analysis. Multivariate regression analyses indicate that when involving covariate variables, consistently in both parks, a greater trail usage is significantly related to trail shorter mean distance to park gate, trail width wider than 3 meters, higher global integration and higher control values. Collectively, these four trail spatial attributes explained 31.7 % (p < 0.001) and 27.3 % (p < 0.001) of the variances in trail use level in Gongqing forest park and Paotaiwan forest park. These findings provide direct implications to park designers and managers for providing visitors with different desirable social conditions, and ultimately improve users’ experiences and satisfactions.     

虚拟仪器技术及其在距离保护中的

介绍了虚拟仪器的发展过程以及虚拟仪器的软件与硬件的基本构成原理,设计了一套虚拟仪器系统，并在此基础上对距离保护进行了仿真实验。认为虚拟仪器在电力系统具有广泛的应用前景，是今后一段时间的发展方向。     

植物活体水分探测仪的研制及测试初报

利用NIM插件探测器及金硅面垒探头组装了植物活体水分探测仪;筛选并分析了仪器的最佳工作条件;检测了春小麦、玉米、苜蓿、豌豆、红豆草叶片鲜重的变化。结果表明;叶片水分随时间损失大的,其抗旱性差。叶片保水的秩序为:红豆草、豌豆>苜蓿>春小麦>玉米。     

农作物抗旱性鉴定仪的研制和应用

依据陈毓荃等首次提出的连续升温电导法，研制了ＮＫＪ－１型农作物抗旱性鉴定仪，对１４种小麦抗旱性的鉴定结果与田间观测结果一致，也适于果树抗热性鉴定。     

Survey of equine castration techniques,preferences and outcomes among Australian veterinarians

Objectives

(1) To collect the perceptions of veterinarians performing equine castrations in Australia on techniques, preferences and outcomes, (2) to investigate veterinarian use and experience with the Henderson castrating instrument and (3) to investigate potential associations between demographics, castration methods and techniques, and complications.

Design

Online survey of members of the Australian Veterinary Association’s Special Interest Group, Equine Veterinarians Australia (EVA).

Methods

A link to the survey was included in the EVA e‐newsletter and practices on the EVA website were contacted by telephone and follow‐up email. Fisher’s exact test was used to determine associations between ligation and complications. A generalised linear model with a negative binomial family was used to determine associations between count response variables and categorical independent variables.

Results

Responses were obtained from 138 veterinarians (response rate, 13.1%) who performed 5330 castrations over 12 months. Castrations were most commonly performed in the field, on anaesthetised horses, using emasculators, via an open approach and without ligation of the spermatic cord. Estimated complications after use of emasculators were swelling (25%), haemorrhage (5%) and infection (5%). The Henderson instrument was used by approximately 10% of respondents and its use for castration was associated with fewer reports of postoperative swelling compared with emasculators (P = 0.002). Rates of evisceration with the Henderson and emasculator methods were comparable (0.43% and 0.9%, respectively).

Conclusion

Castration preferences varied widely among survey participants. Reported complication types and rates were comparable to those reported previously in other countries. Perceptions that the Henderson instrument was associated with less swelling should be investigated further via a prospective controlled investigation.     

单站式大气电场仪探测距离分析

通过对电子设备防雷需求的计算,确定大气电场仪应有的探测距离;通过对几种情况下大气电场的分析、计算,结合大气电场仪的探测原理及探测公式,确定大气电场仪的探测距离,并对其进行分析.通过对大气电场仪探测距离和电子设备防雷需求的预警距离对比,得出单站式大气电场仪应根据使用者的需求,降低探测距离,提高探测准确度.     

基于Geomagic Studio 12.0的采棉部件设计

为缩短产品研制周期、增强企业竞争能力,逆向工程技术也正逐步从其他产品设计制造业领域引入到我国农业机械领域。以统收式采棉机的采摘部件梳齿为测绘对象,通过逆向工程技术,采用青岛雷顿数控设备有限公司生产的先进的NC(865)型三坐标测量仪进行扫描与测绘,获取了梳齿的点云数据,然后对其进行预处理、多边形阶段处理、参数化处理,最终运用SolidWorks软件绘制出三维模型,完成了梳齿部件的逆向设计。通过实例运用,证实了逆向工程技术在农业机械研究领域的可行性,其研究结果将对我国农业机械化的发展起到积极的推动作用。     

Google Earth和GPS在林业司法鉴定中的应用

涉林案件中,常见现场地表被剥离,而林业司法鉴定中需要确定被毁坏林地类型及面积.Google Earth影像往往是若干年前的卫星影像,保留着未破坏前的现场影像,故可利用手持GPS机定位现场边界,根据地理坐标准确定位出Goosle Earth影像,利用StitchMaps软件下栽保存,在GIS软件中,勾绘各地类边界、测算面...     

宁德市防汛信息集成掌上平台的设计与实现

基于宁德市水利局、水文局、气象局等部门观测数据，建立防汛指挥信息集成掌上平台，为防汛指挥提供决策服务。平台建设涉及跨部门、跨网段、跨地域。文章重点介绍平台的实现难点：使用远程处理框架技术（.net Remoting）方便地解决部门间分布式数据库的命令传递；采用C#实现数据收集模块。最后，文章介绍了防汛平台功能特点。     

Distances Walked by Long Established and Newcomer Horses in an Open Stable System in Northern Germany

Group housing is claimed to possibly provide horses with a species-appropriate movement possibility, and hence, better welfare. Thus, this study analyzed the daily walked distances of 51 horses held in one group in a “HIT Active Stable” (Hinrichs Innovation + Technik) in Northern Germany by using global positioning system (GPS) technology during a 7 ½-month time span. The daily walking distances of the whole group, as well as newcomers, were investigated. The horses traveled an average of 8.43 km/day. Linear mixed models were applied. The observation day had a significant effect on the daily walking distances (P < .01) due to season and the available area per horse. The age as covariate also had a significant effect (P < .01). The breed had no significant effect (P = .96). No significant differences were found in sex (P = .69), which can be explained by the fact that only mares and geldings were investigated, which do not show increasing locomotion caused by sexual behavior as stallions do. On six of the first nine days, new horses moved significantly more compared to the remaining 24 of the 30 observation days directly after individuals’ inclusion. This is probably due to more exploration and rank-fighting behavior. Similar walking distances were seen among the horses on the single observation days because all horses had to travel the same distance to reach resources. Further, it is suspected that not all horses can sufficiently live out their urges to move, especially in winter, when pasture is inaccessible.